First President Of The Indian National Congress

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Hello there! I'm here to help you understand who held the esteemed position of the first president of the Indian National Congress. I will provide you with a clear, detailed, and accurate answer.

Correct Answer

The first president of the Indian National Congress was Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee.

Detailed Explanation

Let's delve into the history of the Indian National Congress (INC) and learn more about its first president. Understanding the INC's origins and its early leaders is crucial for grasping the evolution of the Indian independence movement.

The Genesis of the Indian National Congress

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885. This marked a pivotal moment in the history of India, as it provided a platform for Indians to voice their concerns and aspirations for self-governance. The idea of forming such an organization was initially conceived by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, who envisioned a forum where Indians could discuss their grievances and suggest reforms. The first meeting of the INC was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) from December 28 to December 31, 1885. This inaugural session was a landmark event, setting the stage for the INC's long and impactful journey.

Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee: The First President

Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee, often spelled as W.C. Bonnerjee, was a prominent Indian barrister. He was chosen to preside over the first session of the Indian National Congress. His selection was significant, as it symbolized the desire for unity among different regions and communities of India. Bonnerjee's leadership set the tone for the INC's early years. He played a crucial role in shaping the Congress's initial goals and objectives.

Key Aspects of Bonnerjee's Presidency

  • Setting the Agenda: Bonnerjee, as the first president, was instrumental in setting the initial agenda for the INC. The primary goals included promoting national unity, fostering friendly relations between the British government and the Indian people, and advocating for greater Indian participation in the government.
  • Advocating for Reforms: Under his leadership, the INC aimed to address various social, economic, and political issues. They sought reforms in areas such as civil services, legislative councils, and economic policies. Their efforts were aimed at improving the living conditions of the Indian populace and securing greater rights.
  • Early Challenges: The INC faced several challenges during its early years. These included skepticism from the British authorities and internal differences among the Indian leaders. Bonnerjee's ability to navigate these challenges was critical to the INC's survival and growth.

The Significance of the Indian National Congress

The establishment of the Indian National Congress was a turning point in India's struggle for independence. The INC provided a platform for:

  • Unifying the Nation: The INC brought together people from different regions, religions, and backgrounds, fostering a sense of national identity.
  • Voice for the Voiceless: The INC gave Indians a voice to express their grievances and demand their rights.
  • Training Ground for Leaders: The INC served as a training ground for future leaders who would shape the Indian independence movement.
  • Non-Violent Protest: The INC used non-violent methods to protest against British rule.

Historical Context

Understanding the historical context is essential for appreciating the significance of the INC and W.C. Bonnerjee's role. The late 19th century was a time of growing Indian nationalism. Several factors contributed to this rise, including the impact of Western education, the rise of a middle class, and the exploitation of India's resources by the British. These factors created a fertile ground for the formation of the INC.

The First Session of the INC

The first session of the Indian National Congress, presided over by W.C. Bonnerjee, was attended by 72 delegates. These delegates represented various parts of India and included lawyers, journalists, and educators. During this session, several resolutions were passed that outlined the INC's aims and objectives. The resolutions focused on:

  • Promoting Civil Rights: The Congress called for greater civil rights for Indians.
  • Administrative Reforms: The Congress sought reforms in the administrative system.
  • Economic Policies: The Congress demanded economic policies that would benefit the Indian people.

Impact of Early Congress Sessions

The early sessions of the INC had a significant impact on British policies. The Congress's discussions and resolutions raised awareness among the British public and policymakers about the conditions in India. This led to some reforms, such as an increase in the number of elected Indian representatives in legislative councils. The Congress's work also played a crucial role in:

  • Public Awareness: Raising public awareness about Indian issues.
  • Influencing British Policies: Influencing British policies.
  • Inspiring Nationalism: Inspiring a sense of nationalism among Indians.

The Evolution of the Indian National Congress

Over time, the Indian National Congress evolved and expanded its goals and strategies. The early INC was moderate in its approach, focusing on petitions and appeals to the British government. As the independence movement gained momentum, the INC became more assertive and adopted more radical methods, including non-cooperation and civil disobedience.

From Moderates to Extremists

The evolution of the INC saw a shift from moderate leaders like W.C. Bonnerjee to more radical leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahatma Gandhi. This shift in leadership and strategy reflected the changing political landscape in India. The INC grew in size and influence and played a central role in the Indian independence movement.

Key Figures of the Early Congress

Besides W.C. Bonnerjee, other important figures of the early INC include:

  • Dadabhai Naoroji: Known as the