Oxalic Acid Equivalent Weight (C2H2O4)

by Wholesomestory Johnson 39 views

Namaste! Kya aap oxalic acid ke equivalent weight (tulyaanki bhaar) ke baare mein jaanna chahte hain? Yah ek bahut hi mahatvapurna avadhaarna hai, khaaskar chemistry mein, aur main aapko iski poori jaankaari deta hoon.

Correct Answer

Oxalic acid (C2H2O4) ka equivalent weight uske molar mass (molar dravyamaan) ko uske niyukt hydrogen atoms ki sankhya se bhaag dene par prapt hota hai, jo ki is maamle mein 2 hai.

Detailed Explanation

Chaliye, ise vistar se samajhte hain.

Equivalent Weight Kya Hota Hai?

Equivalent weight (tulyaanki bhaar), jise kabhi-kabhi gram equivalent bhi kaha jaata hai, ek padarth ki vah maatra hai jo 1.008 gram hydrogen, 8 gram oxygen, ya 35.5 gram chlorine ke sath mil sakti hai ya unhe sthaanaantarit kar sakti hai. Saral shabdon mein, yeh batata hai ki koi padarth kisi pratikriya mein kitna 'sakriya' hai.

Iska calculation sabse aasan hota jab hum 'n-factor' ya 'valency factor' ke bare mein sochte hain. N-factor yeh batata hai ki pratikriya mein kitne 'reactive' ions ya atoms shaamil hain.

Oxalic Acid (C2H2O4) ka Structure aur Properties

Oxalic acid ek dicarboxylik acid hai. Iska chemical formula H2C2O4 hai, lekin aksar yeh dihydrate ke roop mein paaya jaata hai: H2C2O4·2H2O.

Iska structure kuch is tarah dikhta hai:

    O   O
   //   //
HO-C - C-OH
    |
    OH
    |
    OH

Jo ki galat representation hai. Sahi structure hai:

    O
   //
HO-C
    |
    C - OH
   //
    O

Iske structure mein do carboxyl (-COOH) groups hote hain. Har carboxyl group mein ek acidic hydrogen atom hota hai jo pratikriya ke dauraan nikal sakta hai.

N-Factor ka Calculation for Oxalic Acid

Oxalic acid ek diprotic acid hai. Iska matlab hai ki yah ek pratikriya mein do proton (H+) ion donate kar sakta hai.

Pratikriya kuch is tarah hoti hai:

H2C2O4 <=> 2H+ + C2O4^2-

Isliye, jab oxalic acid acid-base reaction mein hissa leta hai, to iska n-factor 2 hota hai, kyunki yah do H+ ions donate karta hai.

Equivalent Weight ka Formula

Equivalent Weight = Molar Mass / N-Factor

Oxalic Acid ka Molar Mass (Molar Dravyamaan)

Sabse pehle, humein oxalic acid ka molar mass calculate karna hoga. Iske liye humein har element ke atomic mass ko jodna hoga:

  • Carbon (C): 12.01 g/mol
  • Hydrogen (H): 1.008 g/mol
  • Oxygen (O): 16.00 g/mol

Oxalic Acid (H2C2O4) ke liye:

  • 2 x Carbon: 2 * 12.01 = 24.02 g/mol
  • 2 x Hydrogen: 2 * 1.008 = 2.016 g/mol
  • 4 x Oxygen: 4 * 16.00 = 64.00 g/mol

Kul Molar Mass = 24.02 + 2.016 + 64.00 = 90.036 g/mol

Agar hum dihydrate (H2C2O4·2H2O) ka molar mass nikalte hain:

  • Molar Mass of H2C2O4 = 90.036 g/mol
  • 2 x Molar Mass of H2O = 2 * (2*1.008 + 16.00) = 2 * (2.016 + 16.00) = 2 * 18.016 = 36.032 g/mol

Total Molar Mass (Dihydrate) = 90.036 + 36.032 = 126.068 g/mol

Lekin, equivalent weight calculation ke liye hum kewal anhydrous oxalic acid (H2C2O4) ko hi consider karte hain, kyunki yah uske reactive acid groups par nirbhar karta hai.

Isliye, hum 90.036 g/mol ko use karenge.

Equivalent Weight Calculation

Ab hum formula use kar sakte hain:

Equivalent Weight = Molar Mass / N-Factor

Equivalent Weight = 90.036 g/mol / 2

Equivalent Weight = 45.018 g/mol

Yeh value batati hai ki 45.018 gram oxalic acid, 1.008 gram hydrogen ke sath react karega ya uske barabar chemical work karega.

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions mein N-Factor:

Yeh dhyan rakhna zaroori hai ki oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions mein n-factor alag ho sakta hai. Agar oxalic acid ko oxidizing agent ke roop mein istemal kiya ja raha hai, jaise ki potassium permanganate (KMnO4) ke sath reaction mein, to oxalic acid C2O4^2- se CO2 mein oxidize hota hai. Har carbon atom ki oxidation state +3 se +4 ho jaati hai, jo ki 1 unit ka change hai. Kyunki oxalic acid mein do carbon atoms hain, total change 2 units ka hota hai per molecule. Aise cases mein n-factor 2 hi rahega.

Example Scenario (Acid-Base Titration)

Ek common use oxalic acid ka acid-base titration mein hota hai. Maan lijiye hum 0.1 N oxalic acid solution banana chahte hain. Iske liye humein pata hona chahiye ki 1 litre solution ke liye kitna oxalic acid chahiye.

Equivalent Weight = 45.018 g

Iska matlab hai ki 45.018 gram oxalic acid 1 Normal (N) solution banayega jab 1 litre volume mein ghola jayega.

0.1 N solution ke liye, humein chahiye:

(45.018 g / 1000 mL) * 1000 mL = 45.018 g (per litre for 1N solution)

0.1 N solution ke liye = 45.018 g / 10 = 4.5018 grams of oxalic acid.

Is tarah hum 0.1 N solution bana sakte hain.

Key Concepts Summary

  • Equivalent Weight: Padarth ki vah maatra jo 1.008 g H, 8 g O, ya 35.5 g Cl ke barabar ho.
  • N-Factor (Valency Factor): Pratikriya mein hissa lene wale 'reactive' units ki sankhya.
  • Oxalic Acid (H2C2O4): Ek diprotic acid, jismein do acidic hydrogen atoms hote hain.
  • N-Factor for Oxalic Acid (Acid-Base): 2, kyunki yah 2 H+ ions donate kar sakta hai.
  • Molar Mass of H2C2O4: Approx. 90.04 g/mol.
  • Formula: Equivalent Weight = Molar Mass / N-Factor.

Conclusion

Saransh mein, oxalic acid (C2H2O4) ek diprotic acid hai jiska molar mass lagbhag 90.04 g/mol hota hai. Iske n-factor ko 2 mana jaata hai jab yah acid-base reactions mein proton donate karta hai. Is prakar, iska equivalent weight (tulyaanki bhaar) 45.02 g/mol (lagbhag) hota hai. Yeh jaanankari titration aur solution banane jaisi pratikriyaon mein bahut upyogi hai.

Mujhe umeed hai ki aapko yah vistar se samjh mein aa gaya hoga! Agar aapke koi aur prashn hain to poochne mein sankoch na karein.