Who Founded Nalanda University?
Namaste! Kya aap Nalanda Vishwavidyalaya ke sansthapak ke baare mein jaanana chaahate hain? Aapka sawaal bahut mahatvapurna hai aur yeh Bhaarat ke gyaan aur shiksha ke itihaas mein ek mahatvapurna pahlu hai. Chaliye, is par vistaar se charcha karte hain.
Sahi Jawab
Nalanda Vishwavidyalaya ki sthapana 5th shatabdi mein samrat Chandragupta Maurya ke mantri aur pandit Vishnu Sharma (Kautilya ya Chanakya) dwara ki gayi thi.
Vistar Se Vyakhyan
Nalanda Vishwavidyalaya, jo kabhi duniya ke sabse mahan gyaan kendron mein se ek tha, iski sthapana ka shrey 5th shatabdi mein samrat Chandragupta Maurya ke mantri aur ek mahaan pandit aur arthashaastragya, Vishnu Sharma ko jaata hai, jo Kautilya ya Chanakya ke naam se bhi prasiddh hain.
Yeh vishwavidyalaya sirf ek prachin sanstha nahin thi, balki yeh us samay ke gyaan, darshan, vigyan, kala, aur adhyatmik vishayon ke adhyayan ka ek pramukh kendra tha. Iski sthapana ek aise samay mein hui jab Bhaarat mein gupt samrajya ka shasan chal raha tha, jo Bhaarat ka 'Swarnim Kal' ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai.
Mukhya Uddeshya aur Prabhav
Chanakya, jo ek chatur rajnaitik aur arthashaastragya the, unka mukhya uddeshya ek aisi sanstha banana tha jahan par vidyarthi alag-alag vishayon mein uchch shiksha prapt kar sakein aur ek shaktishali evam gyaani samaj ka nirmaan ho sake. Nalanda ko is tarah se design kiya gaya tha ki woh purn roop se ek aashram pranali par adharit ho, jahan guru-shishya parampara ko vishesh mahatva diya gaya tha. Vahan par sirf aadhyaatmik vishay hi nahin, balki itihas, bhugol, arthashastra, rajnitik vigyan, ganit, jyotish, vaigyanik anusandhan, aur chikitsa jaise vishayon ka bhi gahan adhyayan hota tha.
Nalanda ki Sanrachna aur Suvidhayein
Nalanda Vishwavidyalaya ki sanrachna bahut hi prabhavshali thi. Isme:
- Bade-bade kaksh (lecture halls)
- Vishaal pustakalayen
- Dhyan kendra
- Rahasya-atmak adhyayan kaksh
- Chhatron aur shikshakon ke liye niwasi vyavastha
- Sundar udyan aur praarthna sthal
Yeh sanstha sirf Bhaarat se hi nahin, balki cheen, koriya, tibbat, srilanka, aur madhya eshiya se bhi vidyarthiyon aur vidwanon ko aakrisht karti thi. Yahan padhaane wale guru bhi apne kshetron ke visheshagya hote the, jismein se kuch ke naam maharshi aryabhatt jaise prasiddh vaigyanik bhi shaamil hain, jinhone shunya ka siddhant aur dasamalik pranali ka vikas kiya.
Chanakya ka Yogdaan
Chanakya, jinhone Chandragupta Maurya ko takshashila vishwavidyalaya mein shikshit kiya tha aur unhe samrat banane mein sahayata ki thi, unhone hi Nalanda ki sansthapak mein mahatvapurna bhumika nibhayi. Ve ek mahan samajik chintak, arthashastra ke janak, aur rajyaprabandhan ke guru the. "Arthashastra" unki sabse prasiddh kriti hai, jo rajya chalane ke siddhanton aur nitiyon ka vistrit vivaran prastut karti hai. Unhone ek aise shiksha pranali ka kalpana ki thi jo vyavaharik gyaan aur charitra nirman par kendrit ho.
Chanakya ne ek aise shiksha kendra ki avashyakta ko samjha jahan par vyarth vishayon ke alawa vyavaharik aur samajik jeevan ke liye avashyak gyaan bhi pradan kiya ja sake. Nalanda ki sthapana isi kalpana ko saakaar karne ka ek prayas tha. Yeh vishwavidyalaya gupt shasan ke dauran vikasit hui aur uske baad bhi kai shatakon tak safaltapoorvak chalti rahi.
Nalanda ka Itihas aur Vinash
Nalanda vishwavidyalaya ka itihaas lagbhag 700 varshon tak faila hua hai. Yah gupt samrajya ke baad bhi shashan mein rahi aur uske baad ke samrajyon, jaise ki Harshvardhan ke shasan mein bhi ise sanrakshan mila. Bhavishya mein, yeh Pala samrajya ke antargat bhi vikasit hoti rahi.
Durbhagyavash, 12th shatabdi mein, Bakhtiyar Khilji dwara ki gayi akramanon mein Nalanda vishwavidyalaya ko bahut nuksan pahuncha aur uski vishaal pustakalayen aur sanrachnayein nasht kar di gayin. Yeh Bhaarat ke gyaan ke liye ek bahut bada nuksan tha.
Chanakya ke Baare Mein Kuch Aur Tathy
- Asli Naam: Vishnu Sharma
- Pehchaan: Chanakya, Kautilya
- Karyakal: Chandragupta Maurya ke samay (lagbhag 321-297 BCE)
- Mahatvapurna Rachna: Arthashastra
- Bhumika: Rajnitik Salahkar, Arthashastri, Shikshak
Chanakya ka gyaan aur unki soch aaj bhi prasangik hai aur unki prerna se hi Nalanda jaisi mahaan sanstha ki neev rakhi gayi thi.
Mukhya Baatein
- Nalanda Vishwavidyalaya ki sthapana 5th shatabdi mein hui thi.
- Iske sansthapak samrat Chandragupta Maurya ke mantri aur mahaan pandit Vishnu Sharma (Chanakya/Kautilya) the.
- Iska mukhya uddeshya uchch shiksha pradan karna aur vyavaharik gyaan ko badhava dena tha.
- Yeh vishwavidyalaya alag-alag vishayon ke adhyayan ka pramukh kendra thi.
- Chanakya ki "Arthashastra" aaj bhi rajyaprabandhan ke liye ek mahatvapurna granth hai.
Asha hai yeh jaankari aapke liye upyogi rahi hogi! Agar aapke aur bhi sawaal hain, toh poochne mein sankoch na karein.
