# Who Composed India's National Song, Vande Mataram?
Hello! You're curious about who wrote our national song, Vande Mataram. I'm here to give you a clear and detailed answer!
## Correct Answer
**The national song of India, Vande Mataram, was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (also known as Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay).**
## Detailed Explanation
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, a renowned Bengali writer, and poet, penned the iconic song Vande Mataram. This song holds a significant place in India's history and continues to evoke strong patriotic feelings among its citizens. Let's delve deeper into the origins and significance of Vande Mataram:
### Bankim Chandra Chatterjee: The Composer
* **Early Life and Education:** Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was born on June 27, 1838, in the village of Kanthalpara in the North 24 Parganas district of Bengal. He was one of the first graduates of Calcutta University. His education played a crucial role in shaping his literary and intellectual pursuits.
* **Literary Contributions:** Chatterjee is considered a key figure in Bengali literature. He is best known for his novels, essays, and poems, which often reflected the socio-political realities of 19th-century India. His works contributed significantly to the rise of Bengali nationalism.
* **Role in Indian Nationalism:** Through his writings, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee instilled a sense of national pride and encouraged Indians to fight for their freedom. Vande Mataram became a powerful tool for mobilizing people during the Indian independence movement.
### The Genesis of Vande Mataram
* **Part of the Novel *Anandamath*:** Vande Mataram was originally a part of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's novel *Anandamath*, published in 1882. The novel is set against the backdrop of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century. *Anandamath* narrates the story of Hindu monks who fought against the oppressive rule of the East India Company.
* **Inspiration Behind the Song:** Chatterjee drew inspiration from the prevailing socio-political conditions and the growing sentiment of nationalism among Indians. The song was intended to awaken the spirit of patriotism and inspire people to unite against foreign rule.
* **Composition and Lyrics:** Vande Mataram is a beautiful blend of Sanskrit and Bengali. The lyrics praise the motherland, depicting her as a divine figure, rich in natural resources and cultural heritage. The song invokes a sense of reverence and love for India.
### Significance and Symbolism
* **Meaning of Vande Mataram:** The phrase "Vande Mataram" literally translates to "I praise thee, Mother." In the context of the song, the "Mother" refers to the motherland, India. It is an expression of deep respect and devotion to the country.
* **Symbol of Indian Nationalism:** Vande Mataram became a symbol of resistance against British rule. It was widely sung during protests, rallies, and other gatherings organized by freedom fighters. The song instilled a sense of unity and purpose among the people.
* **Adoption as National Song:** After India gained independence, Vande Mataram was officially adopted as the national song. While Jana Gana Mana was chosen as the national anthem, Vande Mataram continues to hold a special place in the hearts of Indians.
### Historical Context
* **The Sannyasi Rebellion:** *Anandamath*, the novel in which Vande Mataram first appeared, is based on the Sannyasi Rebellion. This was a revolt by Hindu monks and peasants against the East India Company's oppressive taxation policies. The rebellion symbolized the early resistance against foreign rule in India.
* **British Colonial Rule:** The late 19th century was a period of intense colonial exploitation and oppression in India. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's writings reflected the grievances of the Indian people and inspired them to fight for their rights.
* **Rise of Indian Nationalism:** Vande Mataram played a crucial role in the rise of Indian nationalism. The song evoked a sense of shared identity and encouraged people from different regions and backgrounds to come together for a common cause.
### Impact on Indian Society
* **Inspiration for Freedom Fighters:** Vande Mataram served as a source of inspiration for countless freedom fighters who dedicated their lives to the cause of Indian independence. The song motivated them to make sacrifices and persevere in their struggle against British rule.
* **Cultural Significance:** Vande Mataram is not just a song; it is a cultural symbol that represents the rich heritage and values of India. It is sung on various occasions to celebrate the spirit of patriotism and national unity.
* **Contemporary Relevance:** Even today, Vande Mataram continues to resonate with Indians. It reminds us of the sacrifices made by our ancestors and inspires us to work towards building a stronger and more prosperous nation.
### Lyrics and Translation
The original Vande Mataram song consists of six stanzas, but only the first stanza has been officially adopted as the national song. Here is the first stanza along with its translation:
**Original Lyrics (First Stanza):**
Vande Mataram!
Sujalam, Suphalam, Malayaja Shitalam,
Shasyashyamalam, Mataram!
Vande Mataram!
Shubhrajyotsna Pulakitayaminim,
Phullakusumita Drumadala Shobhinim,
Suhasinim Sumadhura Bhashinim,
Sukhadam Varadam, Mataram!
Vande Mataram!
**Translation:**
I praise thee, Mother!
Rich with water, rich with fruits,
Cool with the winds of the south,
Dark of crops, O Mother!
I praise thee, Mother!
Her nights rejoicing in the glory of the moonlight,
Her lands clothed beautifully with her trees in flowering bloom,
Sweet of laughter, sweet of speech,
Bestower of happiness, Giver of boons, O Mother!
I praise thee, Mother!
### Controversy and Debate
* **Religious Interpretations:** Over the years, Vande Mataram has been the subject of various interpretations and debates. Some religious groups have expressed reservations about certain aspects of the song, citing concerns about its perceived association with Hindu religious practices.
* **Political Usage:** The song has also been used by political parties to promote their ideologies. This has sometimes led to controversies and disagreements over its interpretation and usage.
* **Respect for National Symbols:** Despite the controversies, Vande Mataram continues to be revered as a national symbol. It is important to approach the song with respect and understanding, recognizing its historical and cultural significance.
### Vande Mataram in Popular Culture
* **Films and Music:** Vande Mataram has been featured in numerous films and musical compositions. It is often used to evoke a sense of patriotism and national pride.
* **Public Events:** The song is commonly sung at public events, such as Independence Day and Republic Day celebrations. It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by freedom fighters and the values that unite the nation.
* **Educational Institutions:** Many schools and colleges in India include Vande Mataram in their daily routines. This helps to instill a sense of national identity and pride among students.
### Conclusion
Vande Mataram is more than just a song; it is a symbol of India's struggle for independence and a testament to the enduring spirit of its people. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's masterpiece continues to inspire and unite Indians across generations.
## Key Takeaways
* Vande Mataram was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
* It was originally part of the novel *Anandamath*.
* The song symbolizes Indian nationalism and resistance against British rule.
* Vande Mataram is the national song of India and holds a special place in the country's history and culture.
* The lyrics praise the motherland and evoke a sense of patriotism and devotion.
